Sunday, February 28, 2010
Greece: Looking beyond the cliches.
One effect of Greece's recent financial problems is that the country has been on the front pages of the world's newspapers and media sites for the last few weeks. It is not the kind of publicity that any country, especially one which relies so thoroughly on tourism would wish for. As a result journalists round the globe have turned their attention to Athens and with it brought with them an array of misconceptions and cliches which they regularly use to lard their reports.
One of the most common is the use of allusions to ancient Greece in order to explain the present situation. This, of course might make for a clever opening gambit but no more explains what is happening at the moment than an attempt to account for Gordon Brown's policy decisions in terms of King Alfred's burnt cakes or Sarkozi's foreign policy by referencing Gaul. By using these sad, old cliches reporters show us how little they understand about the dynamics of the modern Greek state and the political and economic forces that drive it.
Also the fact that Greece is a popular tourist destination visited by millions each year seems to have blinded foreign commentators to the fact that life really is not a beach. A week spent on Crete or Rhodes offers no more insight into Greece's economic woes than a week spent in a crofter's cottage in the Outer Hebrides can explain The Bank of England's base interest rate policy.
On the other hand the traumatic modern history of Greece which reads as a saddening litany of wars, savage political repression, and privation lightened only by a hard won fight to escape crushing poverty has been ignored in favour of pithy quotes about Athenian democracy. One of the reasons why people are so fearful of what the current austerity measures will bring is the raw memories of the hardships of the post war period, a time which saw millions flee the country in search of a decent living. The horrors of starvation and malnutrition are not just footnotes in academic journals but rather a part of many Greek's folk memory.
Along with material deprivation went a brutal system of social control which meant that those suspected of any kind of leftist or even liberal political views were subject to harrasment, detention or exile. Even though Greece's traumatic civil war ended in 1949 the repression it engendered continued for decades afterwards, seriously delaying the development of a modern democratic institutions.
It is against this backdrop, which is rarely mentioned in the foreign press that people are anxious and angry about what is in store for the country. There is the fear that with the massive cuts in public spending likely to be implemented either by Greece's EU partners or the IMF many will tumble back into the kind of grinding poverty that was the norm just a generation ago and that all the dreams they had for their children will become wishful thinking. With such dire economic conditions the fear is that the autocratic reflexes of much the country's political and economic elites will once more find more fertile ground with the desperate.
Lydia profiled
Taken with the Canon Powershot kindly given to me after the theft of my previous camera by David Morton.
Friday, February 26, 2010
Thursday, February 25, 2010
Public Enemy Number one
Sometimes it sounds vaguely like a joke.
"How many armed cops does it takes to move on one old begger?"
Alas, the sense of irony was lost on the four officers who were harassing this woman as I was going through Navarinou Square this afternoon. Seeing what was happening I swiftly took out my small digital camera and tried to catch the scene so as to name and shame those involved.
However, the cops cottoned on to what I was doing and soon had surrounded me. They wanted to know what I had taken. I don't know why, maybe it was a sense of outrage, or the streak of stubborness that I inherited from my father but I said no.
"No. Why should I?"
My first mistake - the worst thing you can do is challenge the police here, question their right to do what they want. I know this yet even as these thoughts are going through my mind I find myself going one step further,
"You don't have the right to see my pictures"
Now the number of armed cops has risen from four to seven, the one at the back is talking into his walkie talkie, saying something about somebody causing trouble.
Next they wanted to see my passport which had been stolen a couple of weeks ago. This revelation brought a smile to their faces as without ID they are within their rights to take me in. At this point I phone my friend Eleni who is a lawyer.
She got them to accept my driver's licence as an alternative and also meant that there attitude softened a little. The fact that I had legal advice "on tap" meant that they had to proceed differently. Eventually, facing the choice of either spending a night in a police cell or deleting the video I had taken I chose the later.
Not the bravest decision I've ever taken but perhaps one of the more sensible.
Greek general strike 2010 - Thessaloniki
Thousands of Greeks have taken to the streets to show their rejection of the government's proposed austerity measures, which are supposed to right the country's flailing economy. Our Observer in Thessaloniki was in the middle of the protest there, along with his camera.
Craig Wherlock is a British expat based in Thessaloniki. He's a teacher at a private school.
I think there were between eight and nine thousand people in the streets [7,000 according to the police]. Unlike in Athens however, there were no clashes here.
The marchers were mainly public sector workers as their unions, like the PAME [communist], are the most active. But there were also employees from the private sector amongst them. Everybody's worried about the wage freeze, cuts to social benefits, an increase in VAT (from 19% to 21%) and the changing of the legal retirement age (currently 60 for women, 65 for men, but could be set at 67 for all).
People are really angry and feeling desperate. Most shop workers and even small factory employees aren't registered and therefore have no social security. They work up to 50 or 60 hours per week for only 600 euros a month [Read Craig's previous post on the high costs and low wages in Greece].
So they're wondering how the country managed to amount 300 billion euros of debt - what was that money spent on? Certainly not, they say, on public services or roads. The protestors have the impression that politicians robbed the country blind. With the former government, there was a corruption scandal every two months. So talk of wasted money is still rife. The former health minister ordered 16 million doses of the H1N1 flu vaccine, but only 400,000 were needed in the end.
I saw the slogan ‘plutocracy should pay for the crisis' - which pretty much sums up the feelings of the protestors."
http://observers.france24.com/en/content/20100224-greek-demonstrators-say-plutocracy-should-pay-crisis-austerity-plan
Wednesday, February 24, 2010
Greek general strike - Thessaloniki
In what promises to be the first round of a new series of confrontations between Greece's trade unions and the government public and private sector employees went on strike today across the country.
The strike action has paralyzed much of the nation's transport network and was accompanied by mass demonstrations in Athens and other major cities. As prime minister Giorgos Papandreou desperately tries to persuade Greece's EU partners that his government can reduce the massive $420 billion public debt burden threatens to destablisise not just Greece but the entire eurozone area.
However, recent government actions to raise revenues and reduce costs have put it on a collision course with trade unions anxious to protect members incomes and jobs. With some of the lowest wages in EU and unemployment rapidly rising labour leaders argue that the cost of country's debt repayments should not be shouldered by the country's poorest.
In Greece's second city between 8,000 and 10,000 marchers took to the streets demanding that the country's rich pay the price for the present crisis. European Union flags were also burnt in protest against the role of Brussels in role in applying austerity measures which threaten to derail the Greek economy and make any possible debt repayment plan even more difficult.
Tuesday, February 23, 2010
Down on the street
Huh!
Down on the street
Where the faces shine.
Floatin' around i'm
A real low mind.
See a pretty thing - ain't no wall.
See a pretty thing - ain't no wall.
No wall,
No wall,
No wall.
Uuh!
Yeah deep in the night
I'm lost in love.
Yeah deep in the night
I'm lost in love.
A thousand lights
Look at you.
A thousand lights
Look at you.
I'm lost, i'm lost, i'm lost - yeah.
Huh
Faces shine - real low mind.
Real low mind.
I'm a real low mind.
Real low mind
The Stooges/Rage Against the Machine
Monday, February 22, 2010
Time for Greece to change? Don't hold your breath.
You would think that after a monumental failure of governance such as the one that Greece is experiencing in the wake of an unprecedented financial crisis that those responsible would be at the very least keeping a low profile or even furtively fingering their passports should the need to rapidly exit the country become apparent.
On the contrary the conservative New Democracy party that ruled the country for the last five years and in large party morally resonsible for a substantial portion of Greece' massive foreign debt has doggedly refused to accept that it is to blame for the worst crisis Greeks have faced since the tanks rolled into Athens in 1967.
Instead of heading for the hills to avoid lynch mobs the new leadership headed by reformed ultra - nationalist Antonis Samaras has led a media attack on the present PASOK government's handling of the meltdown that threatens to condemn Greece to penuary for the forseeable future. There has been little or no mention that his party one not one, but two general elections and helped pile up a mountain of unpaid bills that now have to be paid by the 11 million citizens of this country unlucky enough not to be MPs with salaries that start at 6100 euros a month and are guaranteed a pension for life after just one term in power.
Can there be any more galling sight that that of politicians who managed to rack up more than 50 major scandals in the space of five years lecture us on good governance? Now Samaras has argued that attempts by PM Giorgos Papandreou to set up a parliamentary committee to investigate the current debacle are premature as they would damage Greece's credibility.
I'm not sure which part of the South Pacific Antonis Samaras has been marooned upon for the last month but obviously no news of how the New Democracy party has dragged Greece's name through the mud internationally has managed to reach his ears.
If Greece has any credibility left with international political and economic circles is open to debate and if it is to regain any the first thing it has to do is find any punish those responsible for the fact that the country lies on the brink of disaster.
However, its is a also a matter of debate whether MPs will be willing to investigate fellow party members and get the bottom of this case which involves both major parties. If previous enquiries such as those into the Vatopedi land swop scandal or the Siemens corruption case are anything to go by then I believe no.
In which case can the present political structure be trusted to reform itself to avoid a repeat of this disaster? My view is that it cannot as the disfunctions that have led us to this present pass are hardwired into the system and that any attempt to change it is doomed to failure.
Lydia the photographer
Yesterday was a lazy day which saw me and Lydia wander down to the centre and met up with friends for coffee and conversation.
Thursday, February 18, 2010
Greece: The morning after
Wednesday, February 17, 2010
Greece's financial problems European roots
Today Greek prime minister, Giorgos Papandreou is in Russia, yet another stop on an itinerary which has seen him flit across the globe in a desperate bid to secure fresh funding for Greece's troubled economy. Faced with $420 billion debt the small Balkan nation with a population of just 11 million has sparked off a crisis which threatens to derail the European Union's grand experiment in creating a unified currency which started in 1999.
The revelations that Athens had massively under reported its debt load and so violated the conditions of the Stability and Growth Pact saw the light of day with the election of the centre left PASOK party in the country's national elections in October. The news that Greece's foreign debt load had reached 12.3% of GNP sent shock waves through European political and banking circles, raising the possibility that the Greek government might not be in the position to honour its monetary commitments.
The chance that a Eurozone nation might default on its repayments sent the cost of Greece's foreign loan requirement soaring and forced Germany's foreign minister Guido Westerwelle to backtrack on previous statement that the country had to put its own house in order before asking its European partners for help.
However, despite the storm of criticism Greece has weathered over its bloated public sector, rampant corruption and falling competitiveness the problems that Greeks face also have their roots in factors which have little to do with the country's internal pathologies that have long been known yet until recently politely ignored by fellow EU members.
As with the other PIIGS (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) nations the introduction of the Euro as a common currency has seriously limited the ability of governments to regulate their economies so leading to a fall in competitiveness. Unable to adjust their local exchange rates businesses in Europe's soft underbelly have been gradually losing traditional markets due to the rise in cost of their products caused in part by the strength of the Euro. Unlike their northern European partners such as Germany and France the introduction of the Euro has lead to rising costs and prices which their economies have not been able to offset with rises in productivity.
However, the current crisis its roots in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism which means the the European Central Bank is obliged to support the Euro should it fall or raise by 15% against other currencies. As Britain learnt to its cost during Black Wednesday in 1992 such a commitment means that the currency could be the object of speculators who make vast fortunes selling back Euros to the ECB as art of its attempt to shore up the price of the currency.
The UK burnt through 27 billion pounds in the course of a day in a failed attempt to prop up the currency, making international financier George Soros $1 billion dollars richer and leading to Britain to withdraw its application to join the ERM.
With the chance that such a feat could be repeated on a European wide scale with even greater profits there is the possibility that the intense financial pressure of Greece is simply a stalking horse for a larger effort to weaken confidence in the Euro so leading to a fall in its price on the international money markets and so triggering a buying spree by the ECB which could reap billions of dollars in profits for banks and speculators.
None of this bodes well for Greece since the underlying fundamentals that laid the country open to attack by speculators have not disappeared. The country still continues to be plagued by a lack of innovation and a public sector which has ballooned out of control to such an extent that even ministers have no idea how many people they employ. In addition any serious econmic policy is necessarily hampered by the fact the succesive governments have cooked the books so extensively that the basci data needed to plan changes to the economy is next to useless.
The demands by France and Germany's conservative governments that Greece radically cut public spending and raise more revenue by taxation is certain to create a wave of intense protest by public sector unions who will not willingly agree to pay cuts or loss of jobs. In the long term a shrinking public sector is unlikely to help address fundamental productivity issues which stem from crony capitalism and the existence of shadowy price cartels which mean that Greek businesses have traditionally only invested in innovation as a last result, relying instead upon personal and political contacts with the country's main parties in order to secure contracts and inflated profits.
It seems too much to expect those who have created a system whereby huge amounts of money can be earnt with minimum risk to change the habits of a lifetime and take their chances in the cold waters of real competition in harsh international markets.
Camera updates
Saturday, February 13, 2010
Greece's financial woes set to continue.
According to Greek prime minister Giorgos Papandreou yesterday's decision by the country's European partners to bail out Athens was a “breath of life”. However, the decision by the EU to rescue their southern partner from the mercy of international finance markets may not be enough to put Greece back on a sound monetary footing.
For the past month the European Union has seen the integrity of the Euro threatened by the prospect of Greece defaulting on its massive $419 billion debt load. Whilst Germany has made it clear that Greece should put it's own house in order rather than let relay on its European partners the prospect of a domino effect involving Portugal, Spain and perhaps Italy has raised the prospect of a direct threat to the viability of the Euro itself.
However, even if Greece does manage to find the funding to service its debt in the immediate future the country faces the reality that any such bailout will come with strings attached and that in essence the country will have to cede control over its financial policies to Brussels.
Already the recently elected left wing PASOK government has announced increases in tax on petrol, alcohol and tobacco as well as saying that it will freeze public sector pay for two years. In addition sweeping changes in taxation, social security and public spending aresaid to be in the pipeline.
Doubts remain though over Athens ability to implement such radical changes given the massive public resentment they have created with the country's civil service trade unions. Already proposed changes to police and armed services pension contribution schemes have been postponed in the face of opposition.
Also the ability of Greece notoriously corrupt tax authorities to get tough on tax evasion has been questioned by Greeks long accustomed to such calls by political parties on both the left and right. As one Thessaloniki taxi driver drily put it, getting Greece out its present fix by raising taxes is like bailing out the Titanic with a sieve.
As well as strikes and public demonstrations there is also the fear that growing social unrest will spark off a repeat of the month long revolt which swept the country in December 2008 following the death of a teenager, allegedly shot by the police in central Athens. Although the violent street confrontations have died down the clashes have given rise to a resurgence in terrorist violence which has seen police stations machine gunned and almost daily firebomb attacks on banks and government targets.
Beyond the immediate problem of excessive public spending Greece faces enormous macro – economic challenges which have been growing since it joined the Euro-zone. By adopting the Euro the country has gained financial stability at the cost of raising prices and shrinking competitiveness in international markets.
With the old Drachma Greek products and services could exported at more competitive prices and the government could, if necessay devalue the currency so cutting prices in international markets. The rise in cost brought on by the Euro combined with cheap Chinese textiles an manufactured goods have decimated Greece's industrial base, especially in the north of the country where unemployment was rising steadily even before the present crisis. As with East Germany's adoption of the Deutschmark the use of the new currency has made Greek goods too expensive for their traditional markets.
In addition the country's endemic corruption has meant that many Greek companies have long relied on personal and political connections to win contracts with the state and so have had little incentive to increase productivity or lower costs. The result of decades of such crony capitalism is that such countries are ill – equipped to operate in international markets.
The existence of shadowy price cartels has also helped blunt Greek competitiveness as many parts of the economy and especially the retail sector is able to avoid damaging price wars and so has done little to improve service or reduce costs. The irony is, as the Greek media has been quick to point out that feta cheese is now cheaper in Berlin or Amsterdam than it is in Athens.
Although Greece's leader has pointed the finger of blame at the previous New Democracy government for hiding the scale of the country's financial woes the truth is that ex - PM Kostas Karamanlis was simply following the strategies inherited from the previous PASOK government's who systematically hid debts in order to meet the entrance requirements for the Euro-zone.
It should be noted that Papandreou held several high level posts in the PASOK government from 2000 – 2004 including responsibility for the 2004 Olympic Games which ended up costing 10 billion Euros, nearly three times that of the Sydney games in 2000.
The Greek parliament is still investigating charges that the German based Siemens corporation spent millions bribing Greek politicians in both major parties in order to win security contracts.
Thursday, February 11, 2010
Updates
Wednesday, February 10, 2010
Greek civil servants strike
According to the leading Greek newspaper Kathimerini, the next 72 hours are going to prove crucial if the government is to convince European and International money markets that Greece can be trusted to implement its Stabilisation program and reduce its massive $400 billion debt load. Athens, Greece. 10/02/2010.
The program announced this week by recently elected socialist prime minister Giorgos Papandreou has angered civil service trade unions unhappy with goods in bonuses and the promise of a two year wage freeze. In response the civil service trade union confederation ADEDY called a series of stoppages and strikes for the next three days. The action has grounded all flights in and out of the country and severely disrupted train timetables.
In addition trade unions and left wing political parties organised marches in Athens, Thessaloniki and over 60 other Greek towns. Braving torrential rains thousands took to the srtreets to protest the government's austerity measures.
Despite promising wage increases and a rise in unemployment benefits the left wing PASOK government is unlikely to concede to worker's demands as such a move would weaken attempts by Athens to secure a European backed bailout package. Despite initial talk of Greece putting its own economic house in order intense pressure by speculators has raised fears that if Greece defaults on its financial commitments failure would have a knock on effect on Portugal and Spain and so threaten the Euro itself.
Sunday, February 07, 2010
Back in the saddle again
Friday, February 05, 2010
The kindness of strangers
Wednesday, February 03, 2010
An appeal for help
The Next Day
Tuesday, February 02, 2010
Robbed in Starbucks
Neither I nor the people around saw anything strange or untoward. Just disappeared from next to my feet while I was busy doing a translation on laptop.
The worse thing is that I don't know if I'll be able to replace all this stuff. It's certainly not equipment I can afford to buy now, and I'm not sure when I'll have that kind of money. It represents a lot of hardwork and sacrifice which cannot be clawed back easily.
I've just spent the last couple of hours going from police station to consulate to report the loss of the passport but they said that I should check out all the rubbish bins in the area just in case the thief dumped it with the passport inside.
Monday, February 01, 2010
ο Παναγιώτης Ψωμιάδης θα έχει το 100% της στήριξης του ΛΑΟΣ
"ο κ. Καρατζαφέρης ανέφερε ότι ο Παναγιώτης Ψωμιάδης θα έχει το 100% της στήριξης του ΛΑΟΣ αν κατέβει υποψήφιος περιφερειάρχης. "Εμείς -είπε- ψάχνουμε υποψήφιους για τις άλλες περιφέρειες.Με τον κ. Ψωμιάδη συναντήθηκαν σε ώρα φαγητού "και τι πιο απλό για δύο καλούς φίλους να φάνε μαζί και να συζητήσουν", όπως ανέφερε ο κ. Καρατζαφέρης."